The root-tuber peel extract of the leguminous plant Flemingia vestita is the traditional anthelmintic of the Khasi tribes of India. This pathway may be responsible for observed health maintaining properties of small doses of genistein. Human cells turn on beneficial, detoxifying Nrf2 factor in response to genistein insult. The same molecule of genistein, similar to many other isoflavones, by generation of free radicals poison topoisomerase II, an enzyme important for maintaining DNA stability. Genistein may act as direct antioxidant, similar to many other isoflavones, and thus may alleviate damaging effects of free radicals in tissues. Tyrosine kinases are less widespread than their ser/thr counterparts but implicated in almost all cell growth and proliferation signal cascades. The main known activity of genistein is tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mostly of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The final biological effects of genistein are determined by the balance among these pleiotrophic actions. Several studies have shown that both ERs and PPARs influenced each other and therefore induce differential effects in a dose-dependent way. Gene reporter assays showed that genistein at concentrations between 1 and 100 uM activated PPARs in a dose dependent way in KS483 mesenchymal progenitor cells, breast cancer MCF-7 cells, T47D cells and MDA-MD-231 cells, murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, endothelial cells and in Hela cells. For example, membrane-bound PPARγ-binding assay showed that genistein can directly interact with the PPARγ ligand binding domain and has a measurable Ki of 5.7 mM. Isoflavones genistein and daidzein bind to and transactivate all three PPAR isoforms, α, δ, and γ. inhibition of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.modulation of CFTR channel, potentiating its opening at low concentration and inhibiting it a higher doses. ![]() contraction of several types of smooth muscles.inhibition of the mammalian hexose transporter GLUT1.activation of Nrf2 antioxidative response.direct antioxidation with some pro oxidative features.activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ( PPARs).agonist of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (affinity of 133 nM).full agonist of ERβ ( EC 50 = 7.62 nM) and, to a much lesser extent (~20-fold), full agonist or partial agonist of ERα.Genistein influences multiple biochemical functions in living cells: Isoflavones also produce non-hormonal effects. Biological effects īesides functioning as an antioxidant and anthelmintic, many isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors, causing effects in the body similar to those caused by the hormone estrogen. ![]() ![]() It can also be found in Maackia amurensis cell cultures. Isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein are found in a number of plants including lupin, fava beans, soybeans, kudzu, and psoralea being the primary food source, also in the medicinal plants, Flemingia vestita and F. It has been shown to be the primary secondary metabolite of the Trifolium species and Glycine max. The compound structure was established in 1926, when it was found to be identical with that of prunetol. It was first isolated in 1899 from the dyer's broom, Genista tinctoria hence, the chemical name. It is described as an angiogenesis inhibitor and a phytoestrogen. Genistein (C 15H 10O 5) is a naturally occurring compound that structurally belongs to a class of compounds known as isoflavones.
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